要旨

本稿では、日本語方言の地理的分布を解明するために、新しい計量的手法を適用した。(1)『方言文法全国地図』GAJの各地点の共通語形使用率の地域差(個人差)を扱った。(2)東京から各地点への鉄道距離に加え、駅から調査地点までの徒歩距離のデータを計測し、「鉄道・徒歩距離」とした。(3)散布図を用い、共通語形使用率の軸の値を反転し、距離によって国土を東西に分割した。共通語使用率と距離が、各地点(個人)の値でも比例関係を示すと分かった。(4)東京・京都間の諸県に焦点をあて、東京と京都からの距離が使用率を規制すると知った。ここから(5)日本列島の古代以来の京都中心の周圏論的分布と、近代の東京からの急速な標準語普及の二重構造が読み取れた。『日本言語地図』LAJの語彙の県別平均値で指摘した現象が、GAJの文法の地点(個人)ごとのデータに当てはまることが分かった。

Abstract

In this paper, new quantitative methods were applied to elucidate the geographical distribution of Japanese dialects. (1) Regional differences (individual differences) of usage rate of common language at each point in GAJ (Grammar Atlas of Japanese Dialects) were dealt with. (2) In addition to the railway distance from Tokyo to each point, the data of the walking distance from the station to the survey point was measured and used as the “railway / walking distance”. (3) Using a scatter plot, the values on the axis of common language usage were reversed, and the Japan Islands were divided into east and west according to the direction from Tokyo. It was shown that the common language usage rate and distance show a proportional relationship even at each point (individual) value. (4) Focusing on the prefectures between Tokyo and Kyoto, the distance from Tokyo and Kyoto regulates the usage rate. From this, (5) the dual structure of the concentric distribution centered on Kyoto since ancient times in the Japanese archipelago, and the rapid spread of standard language from modern Tokyo can be ascertained. It was found that the phenomena pointed out by the average values by prefectures of vocabulary items in LAJ (Linguistic Atlas of Japan) applies to the data for each point (individual) of GAJ’s grammar.